Design of a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold with Embedded Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Infused Hydrogel

Abstract

Introduction: Bone-related issues, including osteomyelitis, injuries, and tumours, cause considerable harm to skeletal structures, making replacement procedures essential to restore their normal shape and function. This study aimed to create an innovative biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold infused with a hydrogel containing hyaluronic acid-chitosan microspheres to enhance bone regeneration. Achieving this requires a careful balance between the scaffold's release rate and the deposition rate of cells on the new native extracellular matrix. Microspheres can help achieve this by regulating the scaffold's release rate and providing ample time for new cells to settle on the extracellular matrix. Objectives: To create Biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold with hyaluronic acid-chitosan microspheres infused hydrogel for improved bone regeneration. Methods: BCP scaffold was prepared by sponge replica method. Prepared microspheres were checked for size, morphology and encapsulation efficiency. To check osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of microspheres incorporated BCP Scaffold swelling and degradation rates, ALP staining, cell viability (MTT Assay) and immunocytochemical analysis was conducted. Results: The in vitro cytocompatibility study revealed that BMSCs adhered to and proliferated on the scaffolds, with cell viability confirmed by the MTT Assay and ALP staining. Additionally, immunocytochemical analysis showed satisfactory osteogenic differentiation on day 7 and 14. In every aspect of evaluation HyA-Ch-Ms hydrogel coated BCP scaffold show better cell regeneration as compared to plane BCP scaffold. Conclusions: The tissue engineering method is regarded as an advanced technique for repairing bone defects because it utilizes the patient's own tissue for the healing process. In this study, we have successfully created an innovative combination of biomaterials that demonstrates promising outcomes and can be applied to bone regeneration.