Spatial Mapping of Supply Chain Carbon Footprints and Environmental Externalities within the Agglomeration Economies of Saurashtra and Kutch

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial distribution of environmental externalities generated by industrial agglomeration and supply chain logistics within the Saurashtra and Kutch regions of Gujarat. As these coastal and semi-arid zones rapidly industrialize—anchored by major maritime ports and heavy manufacturing hubs—the ecological burden of freight transport and raw material sourcing has significantly intensified. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) alongside quantitative spatial analysis, this paper maps the carbon footprints of regional supply chains, identifying critical emission hotspots and localized inequalities in environmental degradation. By intersecting transport geography with environmental economics, the research evaluates how agglomeration economies, while highly beneficial for industrial efficiency, disproportionately concentrate ecological externalities such as localized air pollution, groundwater stress, and land-use alteration. Ultimately, the findings provide a robust spatial framework for policymakers and urban planners to optimize logistics networks, mitigate carbon emissions, and promote sustainable industrial growth within ecologically vulnerable economic zones.