Combining Nanotechnology With Bone Tissue Engineering For Faster Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination triad of biomaterials, cells and regulatory signals. A novel bone replacement is fabricated to enhance bone Regeneration by combining bioceramics with nanotechnology. In this study, hydrogel containing Hyaluronic acid (HyA)-Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles are loaded onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold to achieve high bioresorption rate. Resulted scaffold showed high interconnected porosity with high compressive strength of 2.5 ± 0.5 MPa. In vitro bioactivity was seen very well by immersing the scaffolds in simulated body fluid. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were conducted using Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. BCP scaffolds loaded with HyA-Ch nanoparticles hydrogel resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation on day 4 (p < 0.05) and day 7 (p < 0.001) and high alkaline phosphatase activities at 14 and 21 days. A bone matrix formation was confirmed by positive immunostaining results for osteopontin, osteocalcin and F-Actin. In vitro expression of extracellular matrix proteins demonstrated that this novel bone substitute holds great promise for use in stimulating new bone regeneration.