Beyond East & West: A Comparative Journey through Maslow’s Hierarchy and The Panch Kosha Theory

Abstract

Abstract: This paper explore a conceptual comparison between Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the ancient Upanishadic Pancha Kosha theory. Moving “beyond East and West,” it explores how both frameworks, despite their distinct cultural and philosophical origins, shed light on the multifaceted nature of human growth and aspiration. Maslow's Western psychological model outlines a progression from basic physiological requirements to self-actualization, and potentially even self-transcendence. In contrast, the Eastern Pancha Kosha theory describes five concentric layers (Annamaya, Pranamaya, Manomaya, Vijñānamaya, and Anandamaya) that both veil and reveal the true Self (Atman). The analysis uncovers notable parallels, such as the movement from the gross to the subtle and the pursuit of higher states of being. It also highlights significant differences in their metaphysical foundations, primary objectives, and methodologies for realizing ultimate fulfillment. By juxtaposing these influential models, this paper aims to foster a more integrated and holistic understanding of human well-being, personal development, and the quest for ultimate fulfillment. Finally, the findings offer valuable insights for cross-cultural psychology, spiritual growth, and modern approaches to mental and emotional health.